The Midwich Cuckoos by John Wyndham Essay - 1263 Words

The text ‘The Midwich Cuckoos’ is about an alien mother ship flew over the town of flew over the town of Midwich. Every living organism within a 2 mile radius of Midwich passed out for one day. After a while all the women in Midwich became impregnated. When the children were born they knew something strange about them. As the Children matured they began to have telepathic powers that can control, read the minds of the humans and has a collective knowledge. People in Midwich attempted to kill the children due to their powers but they could not as the children always make the humans turn on each other. Dr Zellaby realisesd that the children have to be killed. In his final lesson he plants bombs in his cases which kill all of the children.†¦show more content†¦The problem in this text is the children controlling adults within Midwich to the extent they commit suicide. The police are powerless to do anything about this issue and have no evidence that they are physic ally doing this. The people in Midwich can’t kill or hurt the children since they will force the people to turn on each other. Youre suggesting that the Children did it — that they made him drive into that wall? This part is where the people attempt to kill the children because they think that the children are monsters. The problem makes the reader think that the children are evil and that they have powers to kill other people. The plot is developed with a sense of mystery on the way through, at the beginning the reader does not discover that it is an alien mother ship that flies over the town of Midwich but just knows that everyone within a 2 mile radius passed out for one day. A few days later all the women in Midwich fell pregnant, the reader is in the dark about all of these things until the children were born. ‘All these sixty-one golden-eyed children we have here are intruders, changelings: they are cuckoo-children.’ At this point the reader realises that the children are not humans but an alien race trying to take over Earth. The climax of this story is at the end when Gordon Zellaby kills the children with bombs hidden within the projectors. â€Å"I broke off, interrupted by a brightShow MoreRelatedMidwich Essay- The Importance of Knowledge900 Words   |  4 Pages Midwich Essay- The Importance of Knowledge Knowledge plays an important part in human life, and is crucial to human development. The book The Midwich Cuckoos by John Wyndham, and the Holocaust in WW2 proves this idea. The Midwich Cuckoos is a tale about how a small town in England named Midwich, one day was invaded by alien babies who took over the female inhabitants’ wombs. The alien babies were later named the Children. It forced the Midwich population to face the terrifying unknown becauseRead MoreBook Review of The Chrysalids Essays2947 Words   |  12 Pagesthis is what the ending is crying out for. I remember reading that one reviewer notes that the Sealand Woman is superior-acting, and this is very much the case, but it is possible to read into this a certain amount of facetiousness, Wyndham puts words into her mouth, but he does not necessarily agree with her high-handedness. This does not eliminate the fact that there is a certain amount of Deus ex machina about a woman ascending from the skies to rescue them. I thinkRead MoreStories2682 Words   |  11 Pages2011 AND 2012 CONTENTS Introduction: How to use these notes 1. The Signalman Charles Dickens 2. The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman 3. How It Happened Arthur Conan Doyle 4. There Will Come Soft Rains Ray Bradbury 5. Meteor John Wyndham 6. The Lemon Orchard Alex la Guma 7. Secrets Bernard MacLaverty 8. The Taste of Watermelon Borden Deal 9. The Third and Final Continent Jhumpa Lahiri 10. On Her Knees Tim Winton 1 These notes are intended to give some background information

Night Creature Crescent Moon Chapter 39 Free Essays

string(39) " he says he is,† Adam confirmed\." â€Å"Werewolves?† I laughed. â€Å"You’ve been watching too many B movies.† Mandenauer’s face didn’t change. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Crescent Moon Chapter 39 or any similar topic only for you Order Now He didn’t find me funny. Imagine that? â€Å"You lie to everyone else, but you cannot lie to me. I have hunted these beasts for longer than you have both been alive. Unless†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He considered us. â€Å"Unless one or both of you are possessed by the demon werewolf.† His gaze lowered to Adam’s bloody arm. â€Å"I don’t suppose you were shot with silver.† â€Å"As a matter of fact – † I began, and Adam elbowed me in the ribs. â€Å"Hey!† â€Å"Who de hell are you, mister?† Adam demanded. â€Å"I will be happy to tell you as soon as you prove you aren’t evil.† â€Å"And how are we supposed to do that?† I asked. â€Å"Well, in the good old days, I would just shoot you and see if you exploded. But as everyone has been telling me, that causes too many questions. I hate questions. So I have come up with another way.† He reached into his pocket and pulled out a huge silver crucifix, throwing it at me before I knew what he was up to. I had no choice but to catch the thing or let it hit me in the nose. â€Å"No smoke,† Mandenauer said. â€Å"You live.† My silver fleur-de-lis chain had disappeared down my shorts. I tugged it free. â€Å"I could have shown you this.† â€Å"Oh well.† He shrugged and glanced at Adam. â€Å"Are you wearing one?† Adam snorted. The old man lifted a brow in my direction. â€Å"If you please?† â€Å"I’ve already done this test,† I said. â€Å"Humor me.† I pressed the cross to Adam’s nonbloody bicep, then lifted a brow in Mandenauer’s direction. â€Å"No smoke, no flame, no explosion. Happy?† The old man lowered his gun. â€Å"Ecstatic. Now where is the beast?† â€Å"What beast?† I asked. â€Å"You have a cage in the swamp. You have been hunting from a tree. You understand about the silver. If I didn’t know better, I’d say you were one of mine.† â€Å"Your what?† â€Å"Jager-Suchers.† â€Å"My German is a little rusty.† â€Å"Hunter-searchers,† Adam said. Mandenauer’s gaze narrowed. â€Å"You know of us?† â€Å"I know a little German. My guess is you hunt things no one else believes in.† â€Å"Ja.† â€Å"You’ll find nothing here.† â€Å"I know better. Even without the physical evidence, the newspaper reports of disappearances and deaths, the rabies concern, there’s what I know about her.† â€Å"Me?† I squeaked. â€Å"Diana Malone, obsessed since her husband’s untimely death with finding evidence of a paranormal creature and clearing his name. For the past four years you have traversed the globe searching. But at last I think you have found one. My question is, why are you not calling the national media?† I tightened my lips and kept quiet â€Å"Could it be because you’re in love with the thing?† His gaze turned to Adam. â€Å"Lycanthropes are accomplished at the physical. They will do anything, say anything, to keep themselves alive.† â€Å"Are you hinting that I’ve allowed myself to be seduced to the dark side?† â€Å"It has happened before,† Mandenauer muttered. â€Å"I just showed you that silver doesn’t affect him.† â€Å"Perhaps the beast in the swamp is a different kind of beast from the one I am used to. Perhaps whatever hunts beneath the crescent moon in the Crescent City has grown strong enough to survive the usual methods.† He lifted his gun, and I stepped in front of Adam again. â€Å"No. I mean, yes. But†¦ hell. Adam, I think we should tell him.† â€Å"There’s nothing to tell.† â€Å"I sent a man down here a few weeks ago,† Mandenauer continued as if we’d said nothing. â€Å"He saw wolves where they did not belong, led by a black wolf with all too human blue eyes. Then my man disappeared. Now I learn he was strangled not far from here. Do you know anything about that?† I started to sweat – actually I’d been sweating all along, it was hot, but the sweat trickling down my back turned cold. Although Adam hadn’t told me so, I was pretty sure he’d been responsible for the strangulation. What would Mandenauer do if he discovered Adam had killed one of his operatives to protect the evil, murdering loup-garou? Edward Mandenauer might appear too old to do much of anything, but in his eyes I recognized a steely resolve, a lack of compassion reminiscent of the beasts he hunted, and that made me nervous. Because even my grandpa could fire a gun. Maybe Adam was right and we should keep quiet. â€Å"I can cure lycanthropy,† Mandenauer murmured. Adam’s sharply indrawn breath was drowned out by my blurted, â€Å"You can?† â€Å"Not me, but there is someone I would call.† I turned to Adam, hope making me babble. â€Å"This could be the break you’ve been looking for.† â€Å"Or a trap.† He lowered his voice. â€Å"He said he’s a hunter. All he knows is how to kill.† True. Why should we trust someone who’d walked out of the swamp? He could be anyone. I stilled. Or anything. â€Å"You were in the army, Ruelle,† Mandenauer continued. â€Å"Elite Special Forces. A team known as Company Z – last resort You were assassins.† â€Å"How do you know that?† Adam demanded. â€Å"No one is supposed to know that.† â€Å"I have worked for the government most of my life,† Mandenauer said. â€Å"Even now, though I am in complete charge of my unit, I receive my funding from them.† He pulled a cell phone off his belt and tossed it to Adam. â€Å"You must have a contact, a friend, still in the employ of Uncle Sam. Call him.† â€Å"If you are who you say you are, no one will tell me anything.† â€Å"They will if I say so. Call your friend; have him access my file, then type in A-I-R-A-M when asked for security clearance. After be relates the information, you can decide if you want to tell me the truth. But remember, I will either kill or cure whatever I find here. It is your choice which it will be.† Adam’s gaze met mine and I shrugged. What could it hurt? He followed the instructions, then listened as his contact recited the information in Mandenauer’s file. Adam disconnected, appearing a little shell-shocked. â€Å"He is who he says he is,† Adam confirmed. You read "Night Creature: Crescent Moon Chapter 39" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"He runs some Special Forces monster-hunting unit.† â€Å"You mean werewolf-hunting?† â€Å"According to my contact, there are a lot more than werewolves out there.† I caught my breath. â€Å"Simon was right all along.† â€Å"And often quite helpful to us,† Mandenauer murmured. â€Å"We monitored his Internet and library usage, his book purchases – â€Å" My eyes narrowed. The Patriot Act could be a real pain in the ass. Although this seemed to be slightly beyond the realm of the rightly paranoid Homeland Security Force. Just what kind of power did Mandenauer wield? â€Å"Your husband was very good at weeding the truth from the lies,† he continued. â€Å"Often we followed him, and on more than one occasion we eliminated what he found.† â€Å"Those times he said he’d discovered something, but when he took me to see it, it wasn’t there?† The times I’d wondered about his sanity. â€Å"We killed the beasts before they killed someone else.† â€Å"What about the night he died?† I’d always wondered what had really happened. Not that it made any difference. Dead was dead. Or was it? Simon had died from a fall. His body had been broken, marked, torn. Then, I hadn’t thought to check for bite marks. If there’d been one – I stiffened. The Simon I’d seen at the window of Adam’s shack could very well be running around the swamp on four paws. And if Mandenauer actually had a cure – My heart leaped with hope, even as my gaze went to Adam. What would I do? I loved them both. I turned to Mandenauer. â€Å"Was one of your agents there that night? Did they see what happened to Simon? Is he – ?† â€Å"Out there killing people? No. We made certain he would not rise again.† â€Å"He was bitten?† â€Å"Yes.† I winced. â€Å"But you said you could cure lycanthropy.† â€Å"The developments are recent. I am sorry.† â€Å"Me, too.† I glanced at Adam. He smiled softly. He understood. â€Å"You couldn’t save Simon before he was attacked?† Adam asked. â€Å"What kind of army are you?† â€Å"The best that we can be. But sometimes even the best are too late. All the Juger-Suchers can do is continue to fight as we’ve been fighting since the war.† â€Å"War?† I asked. â€Å"World War Two.† Adam and I exchanged glances. The idea that monsters had been multiplying for sixty years was disturbing, to say the least â€Å"You had better explain what you mean by that,† Adam ordered. The old man collapsed onto the stump where Frank had been. â€Å"I was sent to Berlin to find out what Hitler was up to.† â€Å"Hitler,† Adam muttered. ‘I hate that guy,† I said. Mandenauer’s lips twitched. He didn’t seem like a man who would smile much or laugh ever, but I’d been wrong about the nature of a man before. I took Adam’s hand in mine, some of my tension easing when he not only let me, but held on, too. â€Å"The fuhrer ordered Josef Mengele to create a werewolf army.† â€Å"Mengele was the one who performed the experiments on the Jews?† I asked. â€Å"And the Gypsies and those lacking in their mental capabilities, and anyone else Hitler did not like.† â€Å"Which means he had plenty of test subjects.† â€Å"He had no shortage,† Mandenauer muttered. â€Å"Mengele was given a laboratory in the Black Forest By the time I discovered this, D-day came and went Hitler panicked and ordered Mengele to release what he’d created into the world. I was only able to watch as unimaginable atrocities emerged from the trees.† â€Å"And the werewolf army?† â€Å"Has been multiplying ever since, as have all the other beasts he created.† â€Å"What others?† Mandenauer didn’t answer at first; then he clapped his hands on his knees and rose. â€Å"One problem at a time.† He fixed Adam with a stare. â€Å"I can help you, if you will help me. What is going on in New Orleans that has left so many dead and so many others undead?† Adam took a deep breath and began to tell Mandenauer the history of his family and the curse. He revealed everything, except that he had a son. The old man listened without interrupting. Though Edward Mandenauer was spooky, he seemed to know what he was doing, and while his story about the Black Forest was far-fetched, it was also plausible. I had no problem imagining that Hitler might demand a werewolf army; I found it easy to believe Mengele would concoct monsters. He had, after all, been one of them. And it made perfect sense that those horrors had been released into the world to wreak havoc for the next half-century and beyond. I’d always known Hitler was far too evil to just die. â€Å"My grandpere wasn’t made by Mengele,† Adam finished. â€Å"But by a voodoo queen.† â€Å"Not all the monsters came out of the Black Forest,† Mandenauer explained. â€Å"There are things walking the earth so ancient it is beyond the scope of our minds. Every culture has its myths, legends, and monsters. Each day new beasts are born and others mutate by accident or design.† He spread his hands. â€Å"Magic, if you will. What worked to kill them once, does not a second time. This is why my Jager-Suckhr society is getting larger with each passing year.† â€Å"It’s a wonder I’ve never caught wind of you,† Adam said. â€Å"We are a secret society.† â€Å"Yet you told me† â€Å"I am sure you can keep my secret as you have kept your grandfather’s for so long. I’ve sent agents here before. None of them were able to discover anything until this one. And they all disappeared.† â€Å"Maybe they got tired of working for you.† The two men held each other’s eyes like two alpha wolves over a fresh kill. â€Å"Maybe,† the old man conceded. They both turned away at the same time. I knew as well as Mandenauer did that Adam had taken out those he’d sent But the Jager-Sucher didn’t seem angry about it. Instead, he appeared intrigued. â€Å"Will you give me a chance to end the curse?† Mandenauer pressed. Adam rubbed his forehead, his hair swinging forward to cover his face as he considered the request If the cure didn’t work, Mandenauer would most likely kill Henri, then Adam. From the looks of Mandenauer, he’d probably kill Luc and only lose a single night’s sleep. â€Å"All right† Adam murmured. â€Å"I’ll give you one chance at a cure, but I won’t let you kill him. I’ll kill you first† â€Å"You can try,† Mandenauer said, and pulled out his cell phone. While he gave orders to someone named Elise, Adam beckoned me. ‘I’m going after Grandpere. I want you to take Luc out of town. In case de miracle cure doesn’t work.† â€Å"Or in case it’s bogus.† He smiled and brushed my hair off my cheek. â€Å"Great minds, cher† â€Å"All right† I agreed. â€Å"But I need to know if the cure is successful; then I can bring Luc home.† Adam lifted his chin in Mandenauer’s direction. â€Å"He’ll know.† â€Å"So will you.† â€Å"You can’t contact me until you’re certain de cure has worked, and if it hasn’t you need to disappear. If Mandenauer kills Henri, I’ll be searching for you, and I won’t be me anymore.† I remembered Henri’s cold eyes, his vicious words, the blood he’d spilled just for kicks. I didn’t want to see Adam like that. I’d do anything to keep his son from seeing it Still – â€Å"You wouldn’t hurt Luc.† Sadness flickered over Adam’s face. â€Å"Wolves are very good parents, but werewolves could care less about their young. To them a child is just another midnight snack.† I winced. â€Å"Promise me.† His voice was urgent; his gaze, intense. â€Å"Promise you’ll take care of him if I can’t.† â€Å"Of course.† His eyes gentled. â€Å"Thank you.† Mandenauer ended his call. â€Å"My assistant is on her way. She has the cure and will meet us at your mansion hi – † He glanced at his watch. â€Å"Three hours. Is that enough time for you to locate the beast?† â€Å"It’ll have to be.† Adam stared into my face. I answered his unspoken question with a faint smile, and he kissed me on the forehead, men disappeared. Ignoring Mandenauer’s curious gaze, I touched the place where Adam’s lips had brushed. A good-bye if ever I’d felt one. I guess he wasn’t as confident as Herr Mandenauer that the cure would work. The old man still watched me. â€Å"I have to run some errands,† I said, and headed for the mansion. Mandenauer followed. I hoped he didn’t plan to stick to me like gum on a shoe until Adam came back. If he did, I’d have to take drastic measures. My eyes searched the underbrush for a great big branch or maybe a rock. To distract him, and because I was curious, I kept asking questions. â€Å"What is this cure? A serum? A pill?† â€Å"No. Although Elise has invented an antidote that can restore the bitten if they are injected before the first change.† â€Å"Which would be handy if you were around some when you were attacked.† He shot me a speculative look. â€Å"My point exactly. Most people aren’t, and they don’t realize they’ve been infected until it’s too late.† â€Å"Then what do you do?† â€Å"That is where the cure comes in.† â€Å"What is it?† Mandenauer didn’t answer, and I glanced at him. â€Å"A big secret?† â€Å"You shall see,† he said cryptically, which only made me more nervous. â€Å"Elise has also invented a serum that will fade the bloodlust under the full moon,† he continued. â€Å"Did it help with the – † I wasn’t sure how to explain the soul-deep evil I’d sensed. â€Å"Henri appeared human, but he wasn’t. Not really.† Mandenauer nodded. â€Å"Lycanthropy is a virus, passed through the saliva when a werewolf bites a human. The virus destroys their humanity, leaving behind pure wickedness. What we call the demon.† I guess I’d been right about possession. â€Å"But Henri wasn’t bitten,† I said. â€Å"Does he have the virus?† â€Å"Did he make others by biting them?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"Then I assume the curse created the infection. It is impossible to know without testing him.† â€Å"If he isn’t like the others will the cure work?† â€Å"Also impossible to know.† We reached the mansion. The police had gone. The place was deserted. â€Å"I’ll be back as quickly as I can,† I lied. Mandenauer studied me with faded yet sharp blue eyes. â€Å"It is good that you leave him. Even if the loup-garou is cured, your lover will never be normal. There are too many memories, too many secrets, too many deaths.† He thought I was hitting the road because I was afraid of what Adam might become, or the problems he might have adjusting to all that he’d done to protect an evil thing. Fine by me. The old man could believe anything he liked as long as he didn’t prevent me from climbing into the car and leaving him behind. Though I doubted Mandenauer would follow, since he didn’t want to miss Henri, I wasn’t going to take any chances, so I drove around and around the area before I headed for the mobile home. By the time I got there, noon had come and gone. I knocked on the door, and when no one answered, I tried the knob. Just like the last time, it turned in my hand. I stepped inside and saw the blood. How to cite Night Creature: Crescent Moon Chapter 39, Essay examples

Toyota Ethical Issues free essay sample

The objective of this paper is to  define clearly the Toyota issue; the basis for the issue; identify ground rules that manifested the Toyota situation; and discuss what ethical deficiency that brought the Toyota issue to light. The paper will address the ethical systems that were at work for key individuals in the organization and how the leadership of the company handled the situation. The role of middle management and executive management in causing or resolving the issue and a proposed plan for revising the company’s ethical standards will also be illustrated.Toyota Issues on recall Toyota one of the biggest  world automakers ran into some ethical problems with the accelerator of its several types of vehicles. The issue was that several vehicles had pedal entrapment while still running the vehicles causing it impossible to stop the vehicle. According to  Cole (2011),  Ã¢â‚¬Å"there were several issues: potentially sticky gas pedals, pedal entrapment and software glitches that affected braking on some models† (p. 31). The issue led to massive recall of Toyota vehicles.In trying to fix the problem, Toyota recalled all floor mats in its vehicle to fix a problem in which the gas pedal can become caught on the edge of the floor mat. Toyota stated that the mat can cause the vehicle to accelerate uncontrollably. Thereafter another recall was made involving accelerator pedals that can stick on their own. For reasons best known to Toyota concealed the truth from the public and Toyota tried to fix problems after the issue become public.After the media reported the serious problem in Toyota’s vehicles, the public was enraged on how Toyota is handling the acceleration problem. The issue of  focus in this paper is how the management of Toyota handled the situation viewed from the eye of a consumer. 3 The Toyota organization culture is secretive and non-communicative even with employees. The in-sider joke among Toyota American employees, working for Toyota is like working for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and information is shared only on a need to know basis.The organization hierarchical decision-making structure reduced its ability to respond to the problem. As for Toyota transparency, a hearing by the United States lower house judged found the company’s initial responses ambiguous. One of Toyota senior VP Irving A. Miller warned the executive coordinator to come forward with the information of the accelerator pedals malfunction but was warned not to mention his concerns about the mechanical failure in his meeting with the National highway safety administration (NHTSA).Upper management underestimated that Toyota North American customers expect certain ethical attributes concerning the quality and safety of products and customer’s safety. Several ethical issues were in violation beginning with upper management by hiding the mechanical failure of the braking system. It seems there was a do not ask do not tell policy at work. This mechanical failure could lead to loss of lives. This could be a calculated strategy by the company not to accept financial responsibility for the recalls. Toyota was willing to risk the lives of their customer over financial gains of its company. All this does not make Toyota a virtuous company. The president of Toyota Akio Toyoda went on record stating â€Å"We pursued growth over the speed at which we were able to develop our people and our organization. † The Company’s vision is guiding principles and core values that express the beliefs and values shared by the organization (Liker Hoseus, 2008). 4 In 2007 Toyota was the number one in the United State after improving quality because of an escalating pattern of recalls in the United States and Japan.There had been ethical concerns that Toyota executives reluctance to issue a recall over a suspected defect had led to a death in a southern Japanese city. There was a call for Toyota to slow down growth but the president, Watanabe defend the growth has Toyota’s future (Treece, 2007). But the ethical behavior and responsibility differed between employees and management; in that subordinates were often afraid to speak up and question management decisions. â€Å"People shield those in power from unpleasant facts, fearful of penalties and criticism for shining light on the rough realities† (Collins 2010).Further, Toyota executives did not heed investor’s warnings and kept growth at the same pace. In 2010 the new president Akio Toyoda described Toyota as Stage 3 after he had read a book by Jim Collins, an American management guru that describes the five stages a thriving company passes on its way to failure. â€Å"First comes hubris born of success; second, the undisciplined pursuit of more; third, denial of risk and peril; fourth, grasping for salvation; and last, capitulation to irrelevance or death† (Collins 2010).The recall analysis shows that Toyota was slow to act on many different levels. One example was Congress had to threaten a subpoena for Toyoda testify before Congress. Executive management resolved the issue by recognizing the scale of Toyota’s problems, â€Å"by proclaiming their urgency and then by drawing on the firm’s strengths to fix them, Mr Toyoda has already taken the first, vitally important, step towards salvation† (The Economist 2011). Conclusion There is no question that Toyota’s image and profit suffered after the tacky  accelerator, pedal entrapment, and software glitches issues.The media greatly amplified the malfunctioning pedal issue because of the loss of lives. The matter became a right and wrong issue and ethical obligations of manufacturers to their consumers. The issue became  a leadership crisis and how open Toyota executives were to their customer. Regardless of Toyota’s dependable top score on vehicles manufacturing, the issue of the 2009 recall damaged the reputation of the company and the impact of consumer confidence is still felt in 2011.

Monmouth Case Study free essay sample

In Table 1 we compare Robertson’s efficiency ratios to the industry average: Efficiency Ratio| Robertson| Industry Average| Collection Periods| 69| 52| Inventory % Sales| 15%| 5%| Operating Margin % Sales| 17%| 33%| Return on Capital| 13%| 6%| As the comparison suggests, there is considerable margin for improvement in Robertson’s inventory management and operating margin. However, even in these circumstances, the company has an above average Return on Capital and collection period; as such, there is considerable potential for upside under a new management team with tighter, more efficient controls. 2) In general, how might an acquisition benefit the acquiring firm’s shareholders (give four or five generic ways)? In the specific case of Robertson: Why is Robertson an acquisition target? Why are Monmouth and the other parties interested? Usually, an acquisition is pursued for some or all of the following reasons: * Increasing market share and geographical reach * Realizing revenue (cross sales / up sales) and expense synergies (redundancies, rents) * Diversification of products (or conversely, divesting to focus on core businesses) * Reducing tax liabilities (buying a loss maker) * Acquiring talent, especially if the target is a start-up * Vertical integration In many ways, Robertson is a textbook acquisition target; it has a large number of openly held shares, it trades below its book value and is managed in an ineffective way. We will write a custom essay sample on Monmouth Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In essence, this means that taking over Robertson can be profitable even without any synergies. Simmons, whose actions are more typical of those of a financial buyer rather than strategic buyer, hopes to gain control, replace the board and unlock the underlying value of Robertson through broad changes to the way the business is run, including aggressive cost cuts and elimination of product lines. Monmouth, a typical strategic buyer, is looking to work together with existing management in 3 key areas: * Focusing on a limited number of profitable products, thereby reducing COGS from 69% of sales to 65% of sales, * Personnel redundancies reducing SGamp;A expenses from 22% of sales to 19% of sales * Revenue synergies, mostly focused on cross-selling and opening new markets for Monmouth’s products through Robertson’s European distribution system NDP, which most likely was approached by Robertson, rather than the other way around, is a â€Å"white knight† looking to capitalize on a good deal (and possibly other privileged terms) offered under the pressure of a hostile takeover. Valuation 3) Estimate Robertson’s value per? share using Firm Value/EBIAT and P/E multiples for all comps and both recent Robertson data and operating improvement forecasts (where Firm Value in Exhibit 6 refers to market value of equity plus book value of interest bearing debt). D etermine a price range. What pitfalls do you see in this exercise? What would you do to alleviate them? First, we assume that the definition of Firm Value refers to net debt, that is book value of debt minus cash. The only companies comparable with Robertson are Actuant, Lincoln Electric, Snap-On and Stanley Works; the other companies have a different business focus, and therefore must be excluded from the valuation. Even so, there is a large discrepancy between the size of Robertson, with an Enterprise Value of $29 million, and the average comparable company, with an Enterprise Value of $1. 5 billion. There may be little relevance towards Robertson, which carries significantly more risk due to its small size; it is evident from the information available that bond rating correlates well with company size. In the absence of a different set of companies, with a smaller market capitalization, we observe the following estimations for Robertson.

Weight Problems Regerian Essays

Weight Problems Regerian Essays Weight Problems Regerian Essay Weight Problems Regerian Essay 2013. Web. 15 May 2013. Bjelkengren, Catarina. The Impact of Mass Decompounding on Assessing the Value of Vehicle Lightweighting. MIT. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2008. Web. 16 May 2013. Compare Summary Autos. MSN Autos. Microsoft, 2013. Web. 15 May 2013. Conlon, Christopher T. A Dynamic Model of Prices and Margins in the LCD TV Industry. Columbia University. Columbia University WAC, 02 Nov. 2012. Web. 15 May 2013. Day, Natalie. Fat Children. Indiana Review Issue: 31. 1 (2009): 115. Literary Reference Center. Web. 15 May 2013 Energy Efficient Technologies. FuelEconomy. gov. U. S. Department of Energy, n. d. Web. 15 May 2013. Environmental Impacts from Automobiles. US EPA. US Environmental Protection Agency, n. d. Web. 15 May 2013. Gas Mileage Tips Driving More Efficiently. FuelEconomy. gov. US Department of Energy, n. d. Web. 15 May 2013. Inflation Calculator. U. S. Department of Labor. U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. Paula, Matthe w De. Design Disasters: Three Ways Cars Are Getting Worse. Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 27 Apr. 2011. Web. 15 May 2013. Protect the Environment On the Road. EPA. Effects of Upsized Wheels and Tires Tested. Car and Driver. Hearst Communications, Inc. , Apr. 2010. Web. 15 May 2013.

Looking the Part: What to Wear to Your College Interview

There are myriad circumstances in your life where you may have to dress for a certain role. You might be on a sports team, in which you wear your jersey the day of an important game. Maybe you’re having dinner with your grandparents so you put on some clean, ironed pants and a nice shirt. Or maybe you’re all dolled up and headed to the prom. Different circumstances call for different attire, and when you near the end of your high school career, you’ll enter new territory in this regard. There will be special events, graduation and graduation parties, and of course, college interviews. Preparing for interviews can be stressful. You are probably busy thinking about how to answer possible interview questions, planning how you’ll frame your unique experiences and communicate who you really are. You might be so busy thinking about what you’ll say and talk about during the interview that you don’t spend much time anticipating what you’ll wear to the actual interview. It can be hard to decide what to wear to a college interview, especially if you’ve never interviewed for something similar. In this post, we’ll outline how you can play the part so that you make a positive first impression and show that you are serious about your college ambitions. Because many students spend time stressing about how to dress for interviews, some colleges now specify the appropriate attire. If you interview confirmation specifically states that you may dress casually, you should do so, assuming that you aren’t wearing any ripped clothing or inappropriate logos. But if your interview confirmation specifics business casual or doesn’t offer any insight at all, keep reading. With our top tips for how to dress and prepare yourself outwardly for the college interview, you’ll be able to let your mouth do the talking, not any flaws or missteps in your appearance.   You will need to choose clothes that look business appropriate. These are the kinds of things you would wear to a formal class presentation if you wanted to make a really positive impression. Your clothing should be modest and simple, but clean and crisp. A good general rules of thumb is, if you wouldn’t wear it to a family dinner with your grandfather, don’t wear it to an interview. What does this entail exactly? You don’t need a full suit or anything, but you should at least look clean and put-together. Try to avoid any large brand logos on your clothing and certainly avoid jeans or t-shirts. If you’re a boy, you should consider wearing dress pants or khaki pants paired with a collared shirt. Be sure to tuck your shirt in and wear a belt so that your pants fit snugly and no undergarments are visible. If you’re a girl, you should consider wearing dress pants or a knee-length skirt or dress. Pair these with a simple blouse or business appropriate sweater. Be sure that none of your undergarments are visible through your clothes.   Your shoes should be appropriate and polished. You should not wear any sneakers, platforms, or high heels over 3†. Make sure that your shoes are not exceptionally scuffed or worn. If you don’t already have a pair of nice, professional shoes, now is the time to invest in a pair. You will need them beyond the interview for jobs and other events in college.   Be sure to leave most of your fashion accessories at home or in the car. You should not wear or bring any sunglasses or hats to the interview. These types of accessories are more likely to distract attention from what you have to say. The same is true of piercings. If possible you should remove all visible piercings except for earrings. If you do wear earrings, or any other jewelry, it should be modest and not distracting. Hopefully this goes without saying, but you don’t want to show up for the interview with last night’s pizza on your chin or the stench of yesterday’s workout lingering under your arms. Be mindful of arriving for the interview having recently showered, brushed your teeth, and used deodorant. This shows that you have planned ahead and taken it seriously. Beyond that, be careful not to apply too much perfume or cologne before your interview. For people who are not used to the smell, it can be overpowering and/or unpleasant. Some people are even allergic to strong perfumes. If you do choose to wear perfume or cologne, just a small amount will suffice. Again, your outward appearance should convey that you are taking the interview seriously and are respectful of the process. You should look composed, but not over-the-top. For girls, makeup should be natural and light. Don’t wear bright lipsticks, eyeshadows, or anything else that might distract from what you have to say.   For boys, make sure to shave or trim your facial hair. Having a beard or a mustache is of course fine, but it should be well-kept. Remember that your facial hair is an indication of your care and preparation. Even if you normally wear it ungroomed, you should trim and groom for this occasion. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Make sure to iron your clothes before the interview. Even completely appropriate attire will appear unprofessional if you arrive with it wrinkled. If you are traveling from afar and won’t have the opportunity to change into your interview clothes after you arrive, be sure to bring a wrinkle release spray. Practice using it at home. Mist your clothes from a distance, smooth out wrinkles with your hands, and allow the spray to dry. Also think about small impressions, such as the watch or the socks that you’re wearing. If they don’t fit the part, leave them at home. Top it all off with a conservative hairstyle. There’s no need for mohawks or wild colors for this event. Remember, again, that you want the focus to be on you and what you have to say, not on what you’re wearing or how you’ve done your hair. Despite wearing clothes that are outside of your normal wardrobe, try to feel comfortable in what you choose for the interview. Make sure that everything fits comfortably so that you won’t be adjusting your clothing or distracted by it during the interview. Also, try to stay true to yourself even if you’re wearing something out of the ordinary. There are plenty of methods to incorporate your own sense of style in subtle ways that won’t overpower the rest of your image. A small piece of jewelry, a scarf, or cufflinks are some ideas.   Remember, this is a college interview and your interviewers expect a high school student to walk in the door. They are not looking for a lawyer or a CEO. There is no need for a complete three-piece suit unless that’s what makes you feel most comfortable. Similarly, if you don’t normally wear high heels, today is not the day to try them out for the first time. Your interview attire should be something that makes you feel comfortable and composed while conveying that you take the process seriously and are respectful of the institution and the interviewers. There’s no need to spend lots of money on expensive clothing. A few polished staples that you can reuse for other events will do just fine. Finally, don’t forget that no matter what you choose to wear, it won’t have any impact if you can’t complete the image by backing it up through your own actions. Your body language is just as important a part of your outward appearance as anything you’re wearing. When you walk into the interview, even if you are feeling nervous, put a smile on your face, make eye contact, and shake hands with a firm grip. As you do so, introduce yourself and thank your interviewer(s) for having with you. At the end of the interview, do the same and thank the interviewer(s) for their time. Tell them that you’ve enjoyed speaking with them and look forward to exploring your options at their institution. This advice might seem overwhelming if you feel like you don’t look the part of the aspiring college student. Maybe you have some visible tattoos or piercings that can’t be removed. Maybe your wild hairstyle or color can’t be changed, or perhaps you just can’t get through the interview without your fluorescent pink plaid lucky socks. If this is the case for you, don’t worry; this isn’t the end of the world. If there is a glaringly obvious component to your appearance that seems unusual or even out of place, relax. You won’t be the first interviewee to present an unusual image. Rather than allowing it to be the elephant in the room, bring it up during the interview as a talking point. The interview is meant to get to know you better as a candidate and what better way than discussing how your appearance reflects who you are? Be confident in yourself and offer some insight so that the interview committee isn’t left wondering.       College interviews can be a stressful time, especially if you’re about to have your first one. Remember that if you prepare ahead, remain true to yourself, and go into the interview with confidence, you will put your best foot forward. There are few opportunities in life where you get to talk so much about yourself, and it can feel awkward at first, but with some practice and a little reminder to be yourself, the interview process can be comfortable and even fun. If you are nearing college interview time and you need some more help preparing, whether it’s choosing your attire or preparing your talking points, consider our ’s Mentorship Program , which provides practical advice on topics from high school activities and college applications to career aspirations, all from successful college students who have been in your shoes.

Mesozoic History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mesozoic History - Essay Example The sediment part from the bone is removed. Acid is used for preservation but in a very little amount as the bone is constructed of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. Ascetic acid and formic acid are commonly used for the purpose. The dinosaur bone that I own is from the Mesozoic period. Dinosaur bones are very helpful as index fossils and there are some specific reasons behind this phenomenon. First of all, dinosaur bones can be traced very easily. Understanding the age to which they belong is not hard if someone deals with the index fossils. Invertebrate Life: there were a few life forms existing during this period. Shells of silica and calcium carbonate are the two main forms. Class Sardonica was very important during this time. Marine invertebrates developed rapidly during the Mesozoic period. Vertebrate Life: there were three distinguished sections in Mesozoic vertebrate life and they were: sauropod, theropod and ornithischian dinosaurs. Dinosaurs were among the best known creatures which dominated the world at that period. Plant Life: this was the era when some of the major plants existed. Among them the mentionable ones are ginkoes, ferns and cycads. There were also some flowering plants present in the Mesozoic era too. Insect pollinating was one of these plants' characteristics. Mesozoic was a period the dinosaurs are believed to have become extinct from the world.

South Dakota Higher Education Funding Policy Essay

South Dakota Higher Education Funding Policy - Essay Example The State of South Dakota should enact a better higher education funding policy to enable more students to enroll in local colleges and Universities. Hook: Did you know, for three years running (2009-2011), the State of South Dakota were fourth from the bottom in graduate school enrollments nationwide? Moreover, out of 26 higher education institutions, only eleven are public schools. Introduction I.  There is a dire need for financial support in most of the public schools in South Dakota due to a shortage in state funding (Pullman, par. 4). II.  The State of South Dakota should enact a better higher education funding policy to enable more students to enroll in local colleges and Universities. Indictment  Ã‚   I. The number of students enrolling into universities in South Dakota has reduced  significantly due to the current higher education funding policy.  Ã‚   A. According to Joy Smolnisky (2013), the State of South Dakota has consistently lagged behind in terms of per-student funding for education compared to surrounding states’ and national average.

Of Mice and Men - Character study of Curlys wife Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Character study of Curlys wife Essay The novel Of Mice and Men is set in America and is about two travelling workers who have been chased off one ranch because Lennie, one of the men did not know how to behave himself. Lennie is large, heavy and ponderous and George is small quick, dark, sharp and restless. Another tragedy happens on the ranch like in weed because Lennie used his strength to kill Curleys wife. I can sympathise with Curleys wife although she was a flirt with the other men she was not expecting to be killed by Lennie. We first meet Curleys wife in chapter two. She is described as heavily made up and wears tarty red shoes. She poses her figure outlined in the doorway of the bunkhouse and is always aware that men are looking at her. This makes me think that she is just looking for attention from the men. George shows the reader that he does not like Curleys wife because George tells Lennie that she is jailbait and for Lennie to stay away from her. Lennie sees her as an attractive young lady but she is really just a threat to the men on the ranch. In chapter three there is a big fight involving Curly and Lennie. Curley has not liked Lennie since he was looking at Curleys wife so Curley just lost his rag and started punching Lennie but then Lennie just reached for Curley and just grabbed his hand and started squeezing his hand and his hand crumbled in Lennies hand, George told Curley to tell everybody that he got his hand caught in the machine and that is what he told everyone. This just shows how Curleys wife is acting like a tart and a flirt to get all the men in trouble with Curley.Curley feels insecure because of his wifes behaviour. In chapter 4 Curleys wife was heavily made. I can sympathise with her because all she is trying to do is make some friends on the ranch but every time she tries to talk to someone they all think she is trying to flirt because she is desperate for attention because she has got an unhappy marriage with Curley and that the men think that she is trying to get them in trouble with Curley.I fell sorry for Curleys wife because on the ranch she was all alone. In chapter 5 we learn that Curleys wife had a dream to be in the movies. I do feel sorry for Curleys wife because she could have been in the movies but that was just a pipe dream because now she is stuck on the ranch married to Curley with no friends. Curley and his wife have only been married for two weeks and already they both hate it being together on the ranch. I think Steinbeck is trying to get across to the readers that she has no one in the whole world that cares for her. Her death was brutal and quick, at first lennie was just playing with the pup then he broke its neck and that is what he done to Curleys wife. My final thoughts on Curleys wife is all she was trying to do is make friends on the ranch but she just got pushed out everyone. In chapter six it is hard to feel sympathy for her because she was flirting with the men but she did not deserve to be killed by Lennie. I feel sympathy for Curleys wife although she was a big flirt and she got treated badly by Curley, she did not deserve to be killed. I think Steinbeck included Curleys wife in the story because I think that she makes the story interesting because she is the story.

Suggestion of Narrator in Edgar Allan Poes The Masque of the Red Death :: essays research papers

Edgar Allan Poe?s ?The Masque of the Red Death? provides many allusions as to who, if anyone, narrates the tale. The narrator witnesses all the events within the sealed abbey and lives to tell the tale. However, it is certain that everyone in the abbey dies at the end, after exposure to the Red Death. This seems to clearly indicate that it is not possible for any guest to be the narrator, unless someone can supernaturally foresee the future. This also rules out the possibility of the narrator being Prince Prospero, despite the emphasis in the story placed on wealth and beauty, indicating a more pragmatic perspective from whoever is narrating. There is also the possibility that the tale is written by a dying guest who makes an astonishingly accurate assumption of the end result of events. This leaves one to ponder whether there is, in fact, no intended narrator, or rather, an abstract narrator, such as the Red Death itself. Can one consider that Poe was merely careless and that the inclusion of three first-person pronouns1 is meaningless, indicating there is no narrator? This would, however, be quite an aberration of Poe?s tendency to pay such close attention to the usage of language in his works. Relating to recurring concepts in Poe?s writing, his dreadful fear of death could be the reason why the narrator may be the Red Death itself. The strongest evidence is that the narrator is aware of all the events within the story, while at the same time reporting it, and is able to tell what happens at the very end-the point at which everyone within the abbey is dead. Also apparent is the language used to describe the guests? reaction to the masked figure, which is somewhat indicative of a personal opinion. The narrator never blatantly appears in a scene, but is always there and knows of all happenings. Even then, the narrator is only ever revealed as the one who tells of events2. He highlights and describes events as if he were an outside party, when, in actuality, he is within. Could the narrator be omniscient, perhaps the super ego of Poe himself?

American Bureaucracy and Its Budgetary Decisions

A Budget is a management tool that is an expression of planned expenditures and revenues. â€Å"Budgets serve many important functions in government. In one sense, budgets are contracts annually agreed on by the executive and legislative branches that allow executive agencies and departments to raise and spend public funds in specified ways for the coming fiscal year, as stated by Stillman in â€Å"The American Bureaucracy† He also says that budgets impose a mutual set of legal obligations between the elected and appointed officers of public organizations with regard to taxation and expenditure policies, therefore, is a legal contract that provides a vehicle for fiscal controls over subordinate units of government by the politically elected representatives of the people. Budgetary decisions are made, according to Rubin in her book The Politics of Public Budgeting, by envisioning governments as â€Å"not merely technical managerial documents† but rather â€Å"they are also intrinsically and irreducibly political. † Her ideas are similar to that of general budget concepts over balancing expenditures and revenues, but differ in fundamental ways according to Stillman. The open environments within which budgets are developed, the variety of actors involved, the constraints imposed as well as the emphasis on public accountability, give budgets special and distinctive features in the public sector. † The differences between microbudgeting and macrobudgeting are just what their prefaces imply. â€Å"On the one hand there are a number budget actors, who have all individual motivations, who strategize to get what they want from the budget. The focus on the actors and their strategies is called microbudgeting. They do not bargain with one another over the budget. They are assigned budget roles by the budget process, the issues they examine are often framed by the budget process, and the timing and coordination of their decisions are often regulated by the budget process, according to Rubin. She goes on to say that actors are not free to come to budget agreements alone. They are bound by the environmental constraints. There are decisions that they are not permitted to make because they are either against the law, the courts disagree, or previous decision makers have bound their hands. Budgetary decision making has to account not just for budgetary actors but also for budget process and the environment. This more top-down and systematic perspective on budgeting is called macrobudgeting. † Budget strategies are affected by environment, budget process, and individual strategies, all of which influence the outcomes. The level of certainty of funding influences strategies as well. â€Å"Attention will focus on what is available now, and going after whatever it is, whether it is what you want or not, because what you really want may never show up and hence is not worth waiting for. â€Å"The effect of different strategies on the outcomes is hard to gauge. It seems obvious, however, that strategies that ignore the process or the environment are doomed to failure. Budget actors have to figure out where the flexibility is before they can influence how that flexibility will be used. Strategies that try to bypass superiors or fool legislators generally do not work; strategies that involve careful documentation of need and appear to save money are generally more successful. † There are four phases of a budget cycle; environment, process, individual strategies, and outcomes. In this causal model, or schema, the environment, budget process, and individuals† strategies all affect the outcomes. â€Å"The environment influences budgetary outcomes directly and indirectly, through process and individual strategies. The environment influences outcomes directly, without going through either budget process or individual strategies, when it imposes emergencies that reorder priorities. † The environment influences the budget process in several ways, including the level of resources available, the format of the budget, and the degree of centralization of decision making. â€Å"Environment in the sense of the results of prior decisions may also influence process. † â€Å"Changes in process take place in response to individuals, committees, and branches of government jockeying for power; in response to changes in the environment from rich to lean, or vice versa; in response to changes in the power of interest groups; and in response to scandals or excesses of various kinds. â€Å"

Importance of Louisiana Purchase to America

Louisiana Purchase was a historical land purchase agreement signed between former America President Thomas Jefferson and French ruler Napoleon Bonaparte, which transferred the French territory of Louisiane to the American republic. France wanted the presence of a growing power- America, to give stiff resistance to the British, while America wanted to get rid of Spanish and French control in its trade route along the Mississippi river. It was evident that the Louisiana Purchase would have a strong social, economic and political importance to the American republic and its future.DiscussionLouisiana Purchase of 1803 transferred the land from erstwhile French possession to the contemporary American federation, and this piece of land now comprises fifteen American states, namely, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, and Nebraska, Minnesota, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, and Louisiana (â€Å"The Louisiana Purchase, 1803†). When the se fifteen states were incorporated into the American union, the new amalgamation was, predominantly, a white majority union with white landowners, who used slaves for performing various occupations.In the early years of its formation, voting was reserved only for those who paid taxes, and only those while males having ownership of property could hold public offices (â€Å"The Louisiana Purchase, 1803†). With a large influx of immigrants to this region of maritime importance, a multicultural society was soon flourishing as different ethnic groups started settling there. Since the newly formed states from Louisiana Purchase were bordered along the Mississippi river, America got a free access to trade both within the country and to the continental Europe.This major political development boosted the economy of the American region. Moreover, the vast stretch of fertile land in the prairie states of North Dakota, South Dakota as well as Kansas, facilitated the growth of revenue fr om agriculture. Also, the inclusion of the state of Texas gave America a rich source of oilfields. In 1920, one of the Texan oilfields produced 50 million barrels (â€Å"Oilfields in Texas†). With a history of territorial wars, slavery, and gradual evolution of democracy, this amalgamation of fifteen states has given famous Presidents to the American republic.Some of the former American Presidents, namely, Bill Clinton, Herbert Hoover, Harry Truman, Gerald Ford, Dwight Eisenhower, Lyndon Johnson, and George Bush were born on the erstwhile land, which was acquired under the Louisiana Purchase agreement. Conclusion With the acquisition of land under the Louisiana Purchase accord, the American republic witnessed social, economic and political changes that impacted its development significantly.

Introducing Shakespeares Globe Theatre

Introducing Shakespeare's Globe Theatre For over 400 years Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre has witnessed Shakespeare’s popularity and endurance. Today, tourists can visit Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre in London – a faithful reconstruction of the original building sited just a few hundred yards from the original location. Essential Facts: The Globe Theatre was: Able to hold 3,000 spectators Approximately 100 feet in diameterThree stories high Open air Stealing The Globe Theatre Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre was built in Bankside, London in 1598. Remarkably, it was built from the materials salvaged from a theater of similar design just across the River Thames in Shoreditch. The original building, simply named The Theatre, was constructed in 1576 by the Burbage family – a few years later a young William Shakespeare joined Burbage’s acting company. A long-standing dispute over ownership and an expired lease caused problems for Burbage’s troupe and in 1598 the company decided to take matters into their own hands. On 28 December 1598, the Burbage family and a team of carpenters dismantled The Theatre in the dead of night and carried the timbers over the river. The stolen theater was rebuilt and renamed The Globe. To raise finance for the new project, Burbage sold shares in the building – and the business-savvy Shakespeare invested alongside three other actors. Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre – A Sad End! The Globe Theatre burnt down in 1613 when a stage special effect went disastrously wrong. A cannon used for a performance of Henry VIII set light to the thatched roof and the fire quickly spread. Reportedly, it took less than two hours for the building to completely burn to the ground! Industrious as ever, the company quickly bounced back and rebuilt The Globe with a tiled roof. However, the building fell into disuse in 1642 when the Puritans closed all theaters in England. Sadly, Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre was demolished two years later in 1644 to make room for tenements. Rebuilding Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre It was not until 1989 that the foundations of Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre were discovered in Bankside. The discovery spurred the late Sam Wanamaker to pioneer a mammoth fundraising and research project that eventually led to the reconstruction of Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre between 1993 and 1996. Unfortunately, Wanamaker did not live to see the completed theater. Although nobody is certain what The Globe actually looked like, the project pieced together historical evidence and used traditional building techniques to construct a theater that was as faithful as possible to the original. A little more safety-conscious than the original, the newly constructed theater seats 1,500 people (half the original capacity), utilizes fire-retardant materials and uses modern backstage machinery. However, Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre continues to stage Shakespeare’s plays in the open air, exposing the spectators to English weather.

Case Study Report - Introduction to Marketing Essay

Case Study Report - Introduction to Marketing - Essay Example They are efficient in their own term of making the product efficiently, however they did not have any proper marketing knowledge to launch their product. Here we try to help them by considering different issues to evaluate the market. What types of customers are able and like to buy the urban shack product is discussed by consumer segmentation. Here we try to find the group of customers, who will be their target customer. Next we try to identify the business segmentation of Eco Shack. Irrespective of the individual customers, in terms of B2B business that can be approached also the findings in this sector. The branding and positioning of the product also discussed here. What strategies will maximise the customer attraction is the main motto here. In pricing approach, the company is likely to use the cost based approach. What are the basic advantages and disadvantages of this approach is also discussed here.... Some may needed a spare room for their business, or accommodate study or for the older parents or children. As the New Zealander also love to go summer vacation in different destinations like sea beach or mountain, most of them are situated in remote areas, where they need accommodations. A shack which is a type of small, often primitive shelter can use for these type of needs. As the environment is changing one should consider the environment factor while considering the accommodations. As it authorised by the Efficiency and Conservation Authority (EFCA) new building developers increased the usage of insulation rating requirements. Mr. Dough who holds a diploma degree from National Diploma in Architectural Technology (NDAT), and Mr. Paul, who is a qualified welder have come up with two Eco products – Eco shack and urban eco shack. Eco –Shacks are 2.4 to 3 meters wide and varying length from 3.6 meters long transportable building. This can be easily transported by an He rb truck or by Helicopter. It also maintains the NZS3604 standard. With a minimum50 years of life, it has several features like it built on timer framing, eco-ply cladding, wind turbine, battery storage, composting toilet, phone and data connection, long run colour, steel roofing and many other features. It will cost around NZ$35,000 to $40,000. The Urban Eco Shack is having some more features like wool carpet, Sensor light, smoke alarm. It sized about 3.6*2.4 meter floor area with 0.9*2.4 meter deck. The unit cost will be NZ$12,500. However this has been advertised on Trade &Exchange and in The New Zealand Herald, the owner is unable to find any response. In the following areas we try to find different market segmentation. Consumer segmentation Consumer segmentation

Popular Culture Artifact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Popular Culture Artifact - Essay Example The featured artifact is drawing of the iconic Former South African President and Statesman Nelson Mandela. The icon chosen for the portrait is the diamond. Diamonds have been salient features in contemporary popular culture. In 1938 the New York advertising agency of N.W. Ayers was commissioned to change public attitudes toward diamonds. The campaign was conceptualized to shift popular regard of diamonds as a scarce, expensive and very hard stones to a symbol of commitment and everlasting love. Thus in 1947 and Ayers advertising copywriter came up with the slogan "a diamond is forever". "As an N.W. Ayers memorandum put it in 1959: "Since 1939 an entirely new generation of young people has grown to marriageable age. To the new generation, a diamond ring is considered a necessity for engagement to virtually everyone."(Sut Jhally: Image-Based Culture: Advertising and Popular Culture -1990). In the featured artifact the diamond icon represents the immortality of what the featured person has come to stand for. The Portrait pictures Nelson Mandela who committed his life to fighting for the emancipation of South Africans out of the shackles of apartheid. What makes the diamond icon more appropriate in the assembling of this artifact is the eternality of the values of peace and equality. This is what Mandela fought for. These values like a diamond are forever. The banner text also contributes to manufacturing of meaning impact in the artifact. It denotes the that fact that coal and diamonds are formed in exactly the same variables, pressure and heat the only differentiating factor being that diamonds were subjected to more pressure and heat than coal. Again these associative meanings coalesce sound meaning in interpreting the artifact. The meaning in this aspect is drawn from the excruciating and extenuating circumstances in his struggle for human rights. The ordeal would either make him or beak him and as such the very circumstances that made some of his fellow citizens fall made a jewel out of him. The jewel as a crystal three dimensional gazing stock contributes to the whole meaning worth as it has become a popular symbol of excellence and invaluable worth. The artifact employs the meaning dissemination channels provided thorough the conventions and inventions formula. Through the conventions the artifact taps into the significance of mundane appreciation of art, mere drawings of people, great and non-entities as well as objects. Drawings have an intricate appeal to human art appreciation. The Mona Lisa drawing by Learnado Da Vince is arguably the most popular and famous portrait. What has made the artifact famous is the fact that the immaculate masterpiece was hand drawn. The artist used his finger to originate the painting. Drawings as medium are valuable for their appeal to human senses as they express human prowess in creativity and reproduction of reality. The featured artifact, by virtue of being a hand drawn artifact, will effectively prompt recipient appreciation by its nature demonstrative of the human artistic dexterity. This aspect will also be enhanced by the fact that the drawing pictures a prominent international icon. Nelson Mandela is more than just an international celebrity;

Compare and Contrast the styles Stephen King uses to bring terror to Essay

Compare and Contrast the styles Stephen King uses to bring terror to the reader in his books IT and MISERY - Essay Example This apart, he also shows mastery in turning ordinary animals around into beings that perpetuate blood-curdling terror in humans. The rabid bat and the dog in ‘Cujo’ are classic examples of this type. King also shows definite traits in creating horror through science fiction and possesses an uncanny ability to weave it into the fabric of everyday life, and to create suspense that leaves the readers begging for more. He also manages to blend into the tension felt by characters, into every day situations, like: when the hero or heroine goes into an attic the fear they feel becomes tangible to his readers. Such effectiveness is perhaps attributable to the talent he possesses in spinning a web of different elements of horror to trap his audience into its meshy threads. Literature which falls into the category of horror often explains the source of horror through supernatural events. Works of Stephen King are no exception to this. The writer also uses settings to evoke horror in the reader’s mind. For example, gurgling sounds issuing from the closet’s drainpipe and the monster springing out of it, in the novel ‘It’ is an excellent example of how king can employ settings to create horror. Similarly, writers present old houses, damp cellars, dungeons, forests and abandoned castles in horror fiction to evoke a sense of the primordial fear in the readers. Fictional horrors have a great effect on the minds of people because often readers are tempted to believe that the incidents portrayed can actually happen in their lives. Generally, the main theme of the horror literature is the struggle between good and evil forces which is true in the case of King also. However, a unique attribute of King’s writings is his skill, in explaining things rationally with the help of horror. A good number of horror novels deal with the thirst for knowledge and how it affects our society. Most of such novels fall into the category of science fiction.

Definitions of Property in English Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Definitions of Property in English Law - Essay Example For instance, the Law of Property Act 1925 classifies property in terms of real and personal property, rather than defining it1. Therefore, the most common definition of property is derived from the case laws that emphasize the rights owned or enjoyed by a person that owns the property. This is the position in the holding of National Westminster Bank v. Ainsworth, where the House of Lords held that the right to a property must be definable, identifiable by third parties, capable in its assumption by third parties as well as have a certain level of degree of permanence or stability.2 This implies that property entails the idea of possession and control of particular rights by an individual. In England, there property may be defined into either private or public property. However, the common position is that property may be defined into the rights of a person with respect to a thing. In common law, which is practiced in England, this may be rights over real property, which is land, as well as personal property, which refers to the chattels. Within this classification, there may be the real property, which refers to the corporeal hereditaments that are the tangible real property and the incorporeal hereditaments that are intangible. The personal property on the other hand refers to any property that is tangible or intangible but excludes land3. One can only obtain the personal property through possession of a property interest on the property that excludes others. Similarly, the property may be obtained when an owner involuntarily parts possession of it through loss or abandoning it. The person to whom the property is transferred may also obtain it through confusion and accession as well as bailment. A person may also acquire the personal property as a bona fide purchaser for value.

The Mechanical Engineering And Metal Engineering Essay

The Mechanical Engineering And Metal Engineering Essay Metal fatigue is caused by repeated cycling of the load. It is a progressive localized damage due to fluctuating stresses and strains on the material. Metal fatigue cracks initiate and propagate in regions where the strain is most severe. This cyclic loading and crack initiation is represented using S-N curves. The Fig 1.1 consists of constant cyclic stress amplitude(S) which is applied to a specimen and the number of loading cycles (N) until the specimen fails is determined. The process fatigue failure is consists of three main stages. The first stage consists of initial crack initiation. The second stage consists of progressive crack growth across the part and the third and final stage consists of sudden fracture of the remaining cross section. The fatigue strength is the stress at which failure occurs for a given number of cycles, whereas the fatigue life is the number of cycles required material to fail. The most important concept of the S-N diagram is shown in Fig 1.1. This figure consists of S-N curves for Steel and Aluminium. (By Shawn M. Kelly) http://www.efunda.com/formulae/solid_mechanics/fatigue/images/fatigue_SN_01.gif Figure 1.1 S-N curves for steel and aluminium. The subject of fatigue testing is extensive, and is complicated by the important factors like the surface conditions of the specimen, the type of the stress variation, and the influence of the shape of the specimen on the stress flow. As it is known as that the highly polished specimens withstand better fatigue than the normal fatigue ones. The most damaging type of stress variation is the complete reversal, which is between the limit  ±Ãƒ Ã†â€™ for which the stress range is 2à Ã†â€™. Fluctuating stresses are less damaging, the standard case is between the limit 0 and +à Ã†â€™. For some materials such as aluminium, no endurance limit exists and therefore it should be planned lifetime of the structure to be less than the failure point. http://htmlimg1.scribdassets.com/izqlx4lamohzwzk/images/10-d0617ea942/000.jpg Figure 1.2 Fluctuating Stress Cycle. The above figure illustrates repeated stress cycle in which à Ã†â€™max (Rmax) is the maximum stress and à Ã†â€™min (Rmim) is the minimum stress and both are not equal. Here t is the time and à Ã†â€™a is the stress amplitude and à Ã†â€™m is the mean stress. In low fatigue cycle region (N In this experiment fatigue test for aluminium alloys of series 2000 have been conducted and described. S-N Curve Experiment for 6000 and 2000 Aluminium Alloys Series: The fatigue failure experiment is carried out for two different types of aluminium alloys i.e. 6082 and 2011 specimens. These experiments are carried in two different groups. A typical standard specimen is shown in Fig 1.3 as below. It is recommended to test at least 10 specimens of each type and they all must be cut from one length of the material. http://static.tecquipment.com/Products/RF1020_ALUMINIUM-FATIGUE-SPECIMEN.jpg Figure 1.3 Test Specimen. A set of bending stresses from 0.9 of the yield or proof stress to 0.4 of the ultimate strength is selected to match the number of the test specimens for the complete experiment. The setting up of the specimen on the machine is a reasonably simple operation which is done in proper methodology. The main object is to align the specimen and loading arm with the axis of rotation to eliminate stresses due to eccentric whirling of the specimen. Both in drive shaft and the loading arm chucks, loose collet grip is inserted. These inserts 9mm diameter ends of the test specimen are slid as shown in Fig. 1.4. http://www.twi.co.uk/twiimages/jk78f1.jpg Figure 1.4 Setting up of machine. ( by http://www.twi.co.uk/content/jk78.html) The collet is first tighten on the drive shaft chuck so that so that about 1 mm shoulder shows between the start of the neck and the face of the collet of the specimen. Then the loading arm is pushed on to the end of the specimen and adjusts the collet to give a sliding fit. The position of loading the loading arm is in such a way that the dimension of 109.5 mm is attained from the rear face of the bearing housing to the adjacent end of the neck of the specimen as shown in Fig 1.4 and finally tight the collet with the spanner. The specimen is rotated to check that the end of the cantilever run axially otherwise the specimen must get bend and can be discarded. Bearing Drive shaft and bearing Electric motor Chuck in which specimen is fitted. ON/OFF SwitchC:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesattachments_16_12_2010DSC01501.JPG Figure 1.4 Rotating Fatigue Machine The counterbalance and load hangers should be ensured are in place. Switch motor ON and OFF to verify smooth running. The bending stress for the test is selected and required load or weight is applied on the load hanger. The revolution counter is set to zero before starting the machine and safety guard is used over the apparatus. The fracture time which might occur is estimated and noted. Endurance Limit: The stress value below which the material will withstand many number of load cycles. It is also known as fatigue limit. The stress level below which a specimen will withstand cyclic stress indefinitely without exhibiting fatigue failure. Rigid, elastic, low damping materials such as thermosetting plastics and some crystalline thermoplastics do not exhibit an endurance limit. Also known as  FATIGUE LIMIT.   (CRC Press LLC 1989) Ultimate stress: It is defined as the maximum/ultimate load under which a specimen breaks or fails. Stress corresponding to ultimate load is ultimate stress. Mean Stress: It is defined as the algebraic sum of maximum and minimum stress divided by 2. Ultimate Tensile Strength: In the given experiment ultimate tensile strength is calculated using the following formula p. Where p is the load applied to the material and is the stress. Recorded Data and Graph for 6000 series: Sample No. Load (N) Bending Stress (MPa) Result No. of Cycle Results (Fail/No- Fail) 1 11.25 225 21400 fail 2 10.6 212 114800 fail 3 9.95 199 115300 fail 4 9.3 186 293800 fail 5 8.65 173 161000 fail 6 8 160 184700 fail 7 7.35 147 905100 fail 8 6.7 134 2411100 fail 9 6.05 121 2765800 fail 10 5.9 118 3156700 fail Recorded Data and Graph for 2000 series: Sample No. Load (N) Bending Stress (MPa) Result No. of cycles (x100) Result (Fail/Not-fail) 1 13.5 270 95 Fail 2 12 240 407 Fail 3 10.5 210 482 Fail 4 9 180 1948 Fail 5 8.25 165 1781 Fail 6 7.5 150 2662 Fail 7 7.0 140 2165 Fail 8 6.0 120 4916 Fail 9 5.6 112 19970 Fail 10 5.2 104 More than 107 Not-fail 11 5 100 10 533 Fail 12 4.8 96 More than 107 Not-fail 13 4.6 92 14 4.6 92 More than 107 Not-fail 15 4 80 More than 107 Not-fail 2. Non-Destructive Testing Methods: 2.1 Introduction: Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a wide range of analysis technique used in science and industries to evaluate the properties of material or component and to detect the flaws in the material without causing damage. The non-destructive testing is the testing of the materials used to find surface or internal flaws or metallurgical conditions without interfering in the integrity of the materials. The flaw includes cracks or inclusions in welds and castings, or variations in structural properties which may lead to loss of strength and finally failure of materials. Non-destructive testing is used for measurement of components and spacing and for the measurement of physical properties such as internal stress and hardness. It is also used for in-service inspection and for conditions monitoring of operating plants. It is also used to look for sign of wear or internal changes on airplanes in aircraft industries. The NDT method is also a function part of quality control which is based on sampl ing analysis, this method is not just for rejecting the substandard material but gives assurance that it is good. The common types of Non-Destructive Testing are stated as follows: Magnetic Particle Inspection. Figure 2.1 Magnetic Particle Testing http://www.azom.com/work/8is7fjkADJ5v0JQByKTw_files/image003.gif Radiography Inspection. Figure 2.2 Radiography Testing. Ultrasonic Testing. Figure 2.3 Ultrasonic Testing. Liquid Penetrant Testing. Figure 2.4 Liquid Penetrant Testing. http://www.twi.co.uk/twiimages/ksijm001f1.gif Eddy Current Testing and Electro Magnetic Testing. Figure 2.5 Electro Magnetic Testing.http://www.eurondt.com/index_2.gif There are different types of non-destructive testing used for removing flaws as shown above but two main types of NDT on which experiments are perform are Magnetic particle testing and Ultrasonic Testing. 2.2 Magnetic Particle Testing: Introduction: Magnetic particle testing is type of non-destructive testing which is used for the detection of surface and near-surface flaws in the ferromagnetic materials and it is basically used for crack detection. Such flaws present in the magnetized part will cause a magnetic field, i.e. flux, to leave the part. It is however same as if there is a surface-breaking flaw in the specimen, the magnetic field is distorted, causing local magnetic flux leakage around the flaw. If the magnetic particles are applied to the surface of this specimen, the surface is covered by very fine iron particles and they will be held in the place by the flux leakage to give a visual indication. Figure 2.6 Deflection in the magnetic flux.http://www.ndt-ed.org/GeneralResources/MethodSummary/MT1.jpg http://www.milinc.com/images/magpartimgs/magpartdiag1.gif Thus a crack is indicated as a line or iron powder particles on the surface. The method of MPT is applicable to all metals which can be strongly magnetised such as ferritic steels, irons and some other alloys but not generally to austenitic steels. The modern equipments generate the magnetic field electrically either directly or indirectly. In direct method high ampere of current is passed through the specimen and magnetic flux is generated at right angle to the current flow. Therefore current flow is in the same direction of suspect defect. If this method is not possible to carry out because of the orientation of the defect, then the indirect method is used. This consists of two forms: Passing high current through a coil that encircles the specimen. Making the test piece form part of a yoke, this is surrounded by a current carrying coil. The effect is to pass magnetic flux along the part to reveal transverse and circumferential defects. Flux: It is a term which is used to refer the amount of magnetic field that exist at specific point within that field. It is measured in Webers. Flux Density: It is an indication of the strength of the magnetic field. It is represented by the lines of forces which are surrounded around the magnetic circuit, where the lines are closer to the flux. It is measured in Webbers/M2 or Telsa. Magnetic lines of force: These lines of force are imaginary lines which describes the path a free north pole would take in a magnetic field. These lines can be plotted using a compass. Experimental Procedure: Pump switch.The equipment used for performing the experiment is known as Johnson Allen NDT (SBU 2000). It should be sited on a firm concrete allowing access for servicing. The specimen provided contains five holes in it. The equipment should be connected to a 230 volt AC, 50Hz, 16 Amp power supply and Quick blow fuses should not be used. Connect Footswitch, Pump, and UV Light via socket to the equipment. Turn main supply on at the wall isolator. Turn the UV light ON and allow 10 mins to warm up. Slide out the ink hopper to within 75mm of the top flange with the Fluorescent Magnetic Ink and slide in the hopper gently. Turn the agitation ON and dispensing pump using the twist switch on the right of equipment. Figure 2.7 Magnetic Particles Testing Machine. Headstocks. Ink spray. Clamping knobs. C.F. control knob. Ammeter ON/OFF Switch.C:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesIMG_0049.JPG Headstocks can be adjusted using the Clamping Knobs at the base. Once specimen is inserted and left side headstock is fixed then the specimen is ready to be tested. AC is current is used for surface defect and HWDC is used for all defect, so select the HWDC. Check the current control dial is turned to minimum. Experimental Precautions: The hole inside the given specimen should be clear otherwise the crack line does not come properly. Headstocks should be regularly checked. The specimen should be cleaned properly to prevent arcing and pitting on the surface. Circuits should be check regularly before performing any operation. Experimental Results: SpecimenThe given specimen contains 5 holes in it. The specimen is adjusted and fixed between the headstocks as shown in the figure below. Before performing the experiment the specimen should be clean properly other the line is not visible. As the hole was not clear and contains ink in it so the defect line is not obtained on the specimen. This can be seen in the figure below. Figure 2.8 Specimen without defect line Headstocks Ink spray.C:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesattachments_16_12_2010DSC01541.JPG Then the holes are clean, and the experiment is performed again. When it is clean, the two defect lines are visible on the specimen. Hence, as the lines are seen on the specimen it can considered that it contains flaws in it. This works under the principle of right hand rule and so specimen has to be adjusted perpendicular to the headstocks so flux travel properly from the specimen and flaw. Testing Specimen. Defect lines. Figure 2.8 Specimen with visible defect line.C:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesIMG_0060.JPG Advantages of Magnetic Particles Testing: It gives instant result and rapid inspection can be done for large surfaces. It is simple and easy to conduct. It detects a variety of surface and sub surface flaws, such as crack, porosity, inclusions, shrinkage, laps etc. Surface preparation is less critical than it is penetrant inspection. Sensitivity of testing can be specified and checked. It is economically cheap. Disadvantages of Magnetic Particles Testing: High currents applied to the components may cause damage. Smooth surface is required for application of this method. Materials which are tested must be ferromagnetic. Deep cracks or flaws are not detected. Materials may need to be demagnetized. Equipment is bulky and heavy. Material or part permeability may affect results. High power supply is needed for low surface. 2.3 Ultrasonic Testing: Introduction: Ultrasonic testing is a type of non-destructive testing method that uses high frequency sound waves (ultrasonic) which are above the range of human hearing and they are used to measure the geometric and physical properties of the materials. Ultrasonic waves travels at different velocities in different materials. There are different ways of sound travels through the material. One type of sound wave is called as compression or longitudinal travels which is at about 330m/s in air and 6400m/s in aluminium and approximately 5960m/s for steel. Figure 2.9 Ultrasonic Testing.http://www.energyworkforce.net/wp-content/uploads/ut1.jpg The pulsed beams of the ultrasound are used in a simplest instrument and a single probe (transducer) which is hand-held is paced on the surface of the specimen. An oscilloscope is connected to the probe which displays with the time-base the time that requires for an ultrasonic pulse to travel through the reflector which can be flaw, black surface etc. The height of the reflected pulse is related to the flaw size as seen from the transmitter probe which is displayed on oscilloscope screen. A single probe acts as both transmitter and receiver and hence the inspection can be done from one side of the specimen. Large grain material such as austenitic steel welding, copper casting etc., produce severe attenuation and are difficult to test but fine grain material such as forged material can be tested easily. Using the indication on the oscilloscope the size of the flaw can be determined. Ultrasonic attenuation and ultrasonic velocity measurements are used to study various material properti es. Experimental Procedure: A typical ultrasonic testing system consists of several functional units such as: Pulser/receiver. Transducer. Oscilloscope. Connecting wires. Couplant. Mild steel material (specimen). A pulser is an electronic device that can produce high voltage electrical pulses. From the high voltage pulses, transducer generates high frequency ultrasonic energy. This sound energy propagates through the material in the form of waves. Couplant. Transducer. Oscilloscope Figure 2.10 Setting up of Ultrasonic Testing.C:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesattachments_16_12_2010DSC01547.JPGC:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesattachments_16_12_2010DSC01545.JPG Mild steel specimen. Defects Display Screen The left side figure shows the cathode ray oscilloscope and the right side figure shows the mild steel material on the ultrasonic test is conducted. The given specimen was of mild steel with five holes in it. Before starting the experiment, the specimen should be properly clean. Then apply a couplant on it. Start the cathode ray oscilloscope. There are different button on oscilloscope such as gain, light, velocity, angle, dialog etc. as shown in figure below. Figure 2.11 various buttons on oscilloscope.C:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesultrasonic8122010(002).jpg So it is adjusted in such a way that the deflection should be visible. The transducer is connected to the oscilloscope with the help of connecting wires. Then this transducer is placed on the specimen for testing the flaws in it. Experimental Observation: When the transducer is placed on the specimen it emits ultrasonic waves from the material (specimen). When the probe is placed on specimen it gives a very nice and high peak on the oscilloscope as shown in the below figure. It means that the ultrasonic waves travel easily from that part of the specimen and hence it does not have any flaw in that part. Figure 2.12 High peak signal in nice surface.C:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesIMG_0065.JPG C:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesultrasonicP081210_11.230001.jpg Similarly, when the probe is moved further on it can be seen in the oscilloscope that the highest peak is coming down and it nearly become nil or very low. It means that the high frequency waves are reflected. Hence it can be observed that, there is a flaw in that part of the specimen. It is the same part under which a big hole is there. Figure 2.13 Low peak signal in defective part.C:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesIMG_0081.JPG C:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesattachments_16_12_2010DSC01545.JPG Hence, from the above two figure it can be concluded that when there is high peak in oscilloscope there is no flaw at that part and similarly when the high peak decreases to low it means that part contains some flaw in it. Advantages of Ultrasonic Testing: The measurement is superior to other NDT methods. It is sensitive to both surface and subsurface discontinuities. It requires very minimal part preparations. It is highly accurate in determining reflector position and estimating size and shape. As the electronic equipment as used it give instantaneous results. It requires only single-sided access when the pulse-echo technique is used. It can also be used for other purposes such as thickness measurement etc. Disadvantages of Ultrasonic Testing: It normally requires a coupling medium to promote the transfer of sound energy into the test specimen. Those materials which are rough, very small, irregular in shape, thin or not homogeneous are very difficult to test. Surface must be accessible to transmit ultrasound. Cast iron and other grained materials are difficult to test due to their low sound transmission and high signal noise. Linear defects oriented parallel to the sound beam may go undetected. Feedback and Evaluation: S-N curve: The experiment S-N curve is used to determine the endurance fatigue limit of the material used in automotive industries. The given specimens were of aluminium alloys. There were two series of aluminium alloys i.e. 6000 series and 2000 series on which experiments are performed. Ten samples of each specimen were given. This experiment was performed in two groups. One group perform the experiment on 6082 specimen and other group perform the experiment on 2011 specimen. In this experiment weights are taken in Newton and the number of cycles is shown on the machine. Corresponding to this stress/load (S) and number of cycles (N), S-N curve is plotted. When the load is high it number of cycles is low and when the load is decreased its number of cycles increases. This is shown in graphs below. This is a S-N curve graph for 6011 aluminium alloy (specimen). From the above graph it can be seen that at high stress/load i.e. 225 MPa or 11.25N. The number of cycles is 21400. As the stress goes on increasing the number of cycles goes on decreasing. Hence the endurance fatigue limit varies at different load for the same specimen. When the specimen fails it is taken out from the chuck and it can be checked microscope and the cracks can be seen properly. From this the physical properties of the material can be checked and the fatigue limit can be obtained. There are some microscopic images of specimens, they are as follows: Sample 1 at 11.25N load. C:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesultrasonicsamplemicroscopicimages- sncurveSample1_1.JPGC:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesultrasonicsamplemicroscopicimages- sncurveSample1_2.JPG Sample 2 at 10.6N load. C:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesultrasonicsamplemicroscopicimages- sncurveSample2_1.JPGC:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesultrasonicsamplemicroscopicimages- sncurveSample2_2.JPG There are many more microscopic images which look similar to the above images and it fails at different loads. The below figure is of the specimen before experiment. http://static.tecquipment.com/Products/RF1020_ALUMINIUM-FATIGUE-SPECIMEN.jpg This specimen is fixed between the chucks and when the experiment is performed at different loads the specimen which is fixed between the chuck breaks. This is shown in the figure below. C:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesIMG_0040.JPG It can be clearly seen from the previous figure that the specimen breaks from its middle. First the crack propagates in it and then its finally fails. The graph below is the S-N curve graph for 2011 aluminium alloy specimen which is experimented by other group. This graph start from 270Mpa and the applied on the specimen is 13.5 N and therefore the number of cycles perform by the specimen is less i.e. 9500. These two specimens cannot be compared as both the group has taken different values of stress and therefore the number of cycles are different both the specimens. From the given ten samples, the discussion of the fatigue limit is nearly impossible as we find the scatter point graph not a perfect curve of S-N. For establishing the endurance fatigue limit of both the specimens more experiments must be conducted on it. Also the specimen should be properly fixed in the chuck otherwise it fails in somewhere before the expected value. Magnetic Particles Testing: This experiment is performed to check the flaws i.e. cracks, holes, black surface of the materials. This experiment comes under non-destructive testing. A specimen of mild steel is given and it contains five holes in it. This specimen is fixed in Johnson Allen NDT machine. This specimen is fixed between the headstocks of the machine. The specimen is fixed perpendicular to the headstocks. The perpendicular arrangement of headstock and specimen is done because this machine works under the principle of right hand rule and it generates flux into the specimen. This flux passes through the material. When there is any flaw into the material the flux gets affected and a black line of iron particles is seen on the surface of the material. In this experiment also the specimen contains five holes in it and a black line of iron particles is seen on the surface of the material. The current is control with the help of C.F. control switch. The black defect line on the specimen can be seen in figure below. The amount of flux running through the specimen can be measured with the help of ammeter. But the ammeter in the machine under which this testing is performed was not working. So the exact amount of flux generated in specimen cannot be measured. The ammeter and C.F. control switch is shown in the figure below. C.F. control switch. AmmeterC:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesIMG_0045.JPG Ultrasonic testing: This type of testing is also used to detect flaws and crack inside the material without damaging it. The specimen provided is a mild steel slab and it contains holes in it. It can be seen that when there is no flaw inside the specimen it shows high peak on the oscilloscope and similarly when there is any flaw the ultrasonic waves get reflected and the high peak decreases to low peak. This is clearly in figures below. C:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesIMG_0065.JPGC:UsersasimDesktopall folderpicsmaterialsimagesIMG_0081.JPG Conclusion: From the above experiments we can conclude that S-N curve is best method to determine the fatigue limit but it cant be done using ten samples as it does not gives the proper curve graph for the specimen. Magnetic Particle Testing is a good way of finding flaws from the materials without damaging it but the machine is not that comfortable and more precautions must be used before using it otherwise the flaws are not detected. Similarly Ultrasonic Testing is a good way cracks and other flaws detecting and these are used in aircraft industries. Referencing: Mark Wilcox and George Downes, A brief description of NDT techniques Available at: http://www.turkndt.org/sub/makale/ornek/a%20brief%20description%20of%20NDT.pdf [Accessed on:3 Dec 2010] www.ndted.org.com NDT Method Summary Available at: http://www.ndt-ed.org/GeneralResources/MethodSummary/MethodSummary.htm [Accessed on:12 Dec 2010] www.insight-ndt.com (2007). Qualiron ductile iron metal quality tester. Available: http://www.insight-ndt.com/ultrasonic/qualiron.html. [Last accessed 3rd dec 2010.] www.NDT.net Non-destructive Material Testing with Ultrasonics Introduction to the Basic Principles Available at: http://www.ndt.net/article/v05n09/berke/berke1.htm [Accessed on:15 Dec 2010] www.materialsengineer.com (2007) Metallurgical Fatigue Failures Available at http://www.materialsengineer.com/CA-fatigue.htm [Last accessed on 3rd Dec 2010] www.sv.vt.edu (1997). By Shawn M. 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